Kevin Daughtridge

gElemental element properties

Screenshot of gElemental displaying element details

Name
The name most commonly used for the element in scientific contexts in the display language. (details) [23] [24] [25]
Official name
The official IUPAC English name of the element. [12]
Alternate name
A recognized alternate name for the element, if any. [12]
Symbol
The chemical symbol for the element. (details) [23] [24] [25]
Atomic number
The atomic number of the element. (details) [12]
Series
The chemical series in which the element is generally classified. (details)
  • Nonmetals
  • Noble gases
  • Alkali metals
  • Alkaline earth metals
  • Semimetals
  • Halogens
  • Post-transition metals
  • Transition metals
  • Lanthanides
  • Actinides
Group
The periodic table group to which the element belongs, if any. (details) [12]
Period
The periodic table period to which the element belongs. (details) [12]
Block
The periodic table block to which the element belongs. (details) [12]
  • s-block
  • p-block
  • d-block
  • f-block

Historical

Discovery
The year and place (country) of the element's discovery. Forward slashes indicate simultaneous, unrelated discoveries.
Discovered by
The people and/or institutions which first discovered the element. Forward slashes indicate simultaneous, unrelated discoveries. Commas indicate multiple people and/or places in collaboration.
Etymology
The origin of the element name in the general format "Language: word (meaning)". If an alternate name exists, its etymology may appear. Unrelated etymologies are separated by semicolons.

Physical

Phase
The phase of matter assumed by the element at standard pressure and a given temperature. By default, the IUPAC standard temperature is used. (details) [4]
  • Solid
  • Liquid
  • Gas
Density, solid
The density of the element as a solid at 20 degrees Celsius, if applicable, in grams per cubic centimetre. (details) [13] [16] [7] [14] [8] [18]
Density, liquid
The density of the element as a liquid at its melting point, if applicable, in grams per cubic centimetre. [18] [8]
Density, gas
The density of the element as a gas at zero degrees Celsius, if applicable, in grams per litre. [18] [8] [15]
Appearance
The general appearance of the most common form of the element.

Thermal

Melting point
The melting point of the element in Kelvin. (details) [13] [14] [18] [8]
Boiling point
The boiling point of the element in Kelvin. (details) [13] [14] [18] [8]
Heat of fusion
The heat of fusion of the element in kilojoules per mole. (details) [18] [8] [14] [17] [13] [9]
Heat of vaporization
The heat of vaporization of the element in kilojoules per mole. (details) [18] [8] [14] [17] [13] [9]
Specific heat capacity
The specific heat of the element at 25 degrees Celsius, in joules per gram-Kelvin. (details) [18]
Thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity of the element at 300 Kelvin, in watts per metre-Kelvin. (details) [18] [10] [14] [17] [7] [13]
Debye temperature
The Debye temperature of the element in Kelvin. (details)

Atomic

Atomic mass
The atomic mass of the element in grams per mole. (details) [29]
Atomic volume
The volume of the element in cubic centimetres per mole. (details)
Atomic radius
The atomic radius of the element in picometres. (details) [27] [5]
Covalent radius
The covalent radius of the element in picometres. (details) [26] [28] [11] [22] [13]
Van der Waals radius
The van der Waals radius of the element in picometres. (details) [3] [2]
Ionic radii
The radii of the element's ions, if any, in picometres. The general format is "radius (ion)".

Crystallographic

Lattice type
The type of crystal lattice structure assumed by the element as a solid under normal conditions. (details) [19]
  • Triclinic
  • Monoclinic
  • Orthorhombic
  • Tetragonal
  • Rhombohedral
  • Hexagonal
  • Simple cubic
  • Body-centred cubic
  • Face-centred cubic
Space group
The space group number of the element's crystal structure. (details) [19]
Lattice edge lengths
The lengths, in picometres, of the a, b, and c edges of a unit cell in the element's crystal structure. [19]
Lattice angles
The α, β, and γ angles, in degrees, between the edges of a unit cell in the element's crystal structure. [19]
Lattice unit volume
The volume of a unit cell in the element's crystal structure, in cubic nanometres. [4]

Electronic

Electron configuration
The electron configuration of the element, in standard format. (details) [18]
Oxidation states
The oxidation states of the element, if any. (details)
Electronegativity
The electronegativity of the element on the Pauling scale. (details) [21] [11] [1]
Electron affinity
The electron affinity of the element in kilojoules per mole. (details) [20]
First ionization energy
The first ionization energy of the element in kilojoules per mole. (details) [11] [13] [18]

Miscellaneous

Symbolic colour
A colour representative of the element. (details) [6]
Notes
Notes, if any, clarifying other information. [4]

Notes

  1. Allred, A. L. 1961, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., vol. 17, p. 215.
  2. Batsanov, S. S. 2001, Inorganic Materials, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 871-885.
  3. Bondi, A. 1964, J. Phys. Chem., vol. 68, p. 441.
  4. Calculated or based on other properties.
  5. Clementi, E., Raimondi, D. L., & Reinhardt, W. P. 1963, J. Chem. Phys. vol. 38, p. 2686.
  6. Consensus of the Blue Obelisk project.
  7. Dean, J. A. (ed.) 1992, Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 14th edn, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  8. Dean, J. A. (ed.) 1999, Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 15th edn, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  9. Ellis, H. (ed.) 1972, Nuffield Advanced Science Book of Data, Longman, London.
  10. Ho, C. Y., Powell, R. W., & Liley, P. E. 1974, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, vol. 3, suppl. 1.
  11. Huheey, J. E., Keiter, E. A., & Keiter, R. L. 1993, Inorganic Chemistry: Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edn, HarperCollins, New York.
  12. IUPAC recommendation.
  13. James, A. M. & Lord, M. P. 1992, Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London.
  14. Kaye, G. W. C. & Laby, T. H. 1993, Tables of physical and chemical constants, 15th edn, Longman, London.
  15. Kuchling, Horst. 1991, Taschenbuch der Physik, 13th edn, Verlag Harri Deutsch, Thun und Frankfurt/Main.
  16. Lide, D. R. (ed.) 1996, Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, 77th edn, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
  17. Lide, D. R. (ed.) 1998, Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, 79th edn, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
  18. Lide, D. R. (ed.) 2003, Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, 84th edn, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
  19. Multiple sources as compiled at WebElements, http://www.webelements.com/.
  20. Multiple sources as compiled at Wikipedia, Electron affinity (data page), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_affinity_%28data_page%29 (as of 2007 Jan. 29, 06:21 GMT).
  21. Pauling, L. 1960, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd edn, Cornell Univ., USA.
  22. Porterfield, W. W. 1984, Inorganic Chemistry: A Unified Approach, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts.
  23. Pure Appl. Chem. 1997, vol. 69, iss. 12, pp. 2471-2473.
  24. Pure Appl. Chem. 2003, vol. 75, iss. 10, pp. 1613-1615.
  25. Pure Appl. Chem. 2004, vol. 76, iss. 12, pp. 2101-2103.
  26. Sanderson, R.T. 1962, Chemical Periodicity, Reinhold, New York.
  27. Slater, J. C. 1964, J. Chem. Phys., vol. 41, p. 3199.
  28. Sutton, L. E. 1965, Table of Interatomic Distances and Configuration in Molecules and Ions, suppl. 1956-1959, spec. pub. no. 18, Chemical Society, London.
  29. Wieser, M. E. 2006, Pure Appl. Chem., vol. 78, iss. 11, pp. 2051-2066.